{"id":19608,"date":"2017-08-10T20:50:51","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T20:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/?p=19608"},"modified":"2026-11-07T18:20:07","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T18:20:07","slug":"top-iranian-handicrafts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/","title":{"rendered":"Iranian Handicrafts: Exploring the Art and Crafts of Iran"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Iranian handicrafts<\/strong> range from knotted carpets and painted ceramics to geometric wood inlay and enamelled metalwork. Looking at how an object is made reveals more than a label such as \u201ctraditional\u201d. This guide explains the materials and techniques behind these crafts, alongside related arts you can recognise in manuscripts, buildings and musical instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The examples below connect workshop skills with Iran&#8217;s wider artistic traditions. Architecture and musical performance are not portable handicrafts, but both depend on skilled makers: the craftspeople who decorate buildings, construct instruments and pass on practical knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no single standard of authenticity that makes a village rug more Iranian than a carpet woven in a city workshop. Ask about the maker, materials and production process. A named technique gives you a more useful starting point than a broad claim that an object represents all of Iran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For ideas on objects to bring home, see the guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/what-to-buy-in-iran\/\">Iranian handicraft souvenirs<\/a>. Here, the emphasis is on understanding what you are looking at, whether it is a carpet in a bazaar, a painted manuscript page or decoration inside a historic shrine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#understanding-materials-and-techniques\" >Understanding materials and techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#1-carpet-weaving\" >1. Carpet Weaving<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#2-persian-miniature\" >2. Persian Miniature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#3-pottery\" >3. Pottery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#4-architecture\" >4. Architecture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#5-music\" >5. Music<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#6-calligraphy\" >6. Calligraphy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#7-khatam-kari\" >7. Khatam-kari<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#8-minakari\" >8. Minakari<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/top-iranian-handicrafts\/#sources\" >Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iranian-handicrafts\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"understanding-materials-and-techniques\"><\/span>Understanding materials and techniques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-carpet-weaving\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-carpet-weaving\"><\/span>1. Carpet Weaving<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;galleryId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb9463f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/gallery\" class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb95c55&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb95c55\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" 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https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/or-buy-a-carpet-haggle-with-locals-while-shopping-at-tehrans-grand-bazaar-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/or-buy-a-carpet-haggle-with-locals-while-shopping-at-tehrans-grand-bazaar.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 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wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"79128\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Carpet Weaving in Iran\" class=\"wp-image-79128\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-780x520.jpg 780w, 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\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb97f16&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb97f16\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/or-buy-a-carpet-haggle-with-locals-while-shopping-at-tehrans-grand-bazaar-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Tehran Grand Bazaar Iran\" class=\"wp-image-5078\" title=\"Tehran Grand Bazaar Iran\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/or-buy-a-carpet-haggle-with-locals-while-shopping-at-tehrans-grand-bazaar-1024x768.jpg 1024w, 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\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb981a8&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb981a8\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Carpet Weaving in Iran\" class=\"wp-image-79124\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-1-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-1.jpg 1153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb983f2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb983f2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-2-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Carpet Weaving in Iran\" class=\"wp-image-79125\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-2-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-2-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-2.jpg 1153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb9863a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb9863a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Carpet Weaving in Iran\" class=\"wp-image-79128\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-3.jpg 1153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb9886c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb9886c\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"748\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-4-1024x748.jpg\" alt=\"Carpet Weaving in Iran\" class=\"wp-image-79126\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-4-1024x748.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-4-780x569.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-4-768x561.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-4.jpg 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb98aa4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb98aa4\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-5-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Carpet Weaving in Iran\" class=\"wp-image-79127\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-5-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-5-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carpet-Weaving-in-Iran-5.jpg 1153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The origins of <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/iranian-carpet\/\">carpet weaving<\/a> cannot be assigned to one country simply by comparing ancient motifs. The Pazyryk carpet was excavated in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/carpets-vi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Encyclopaedia Iranica&#8217;s discussion of pre-Islamic carpets<\/a> distinguishes possible Achaemenid design influences from proof of where the carpet was made. It does not establish Iran as the birthplace of all carpet weaving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two UNESCO descriptions show how Iranian weaving traditions differ. In <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/traditional-skills-of-carpet-weaving-in-kashan-00383\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kashan<\/a>, a prepared design guides the work. Wool or silk pile is knotted onto a warp, with rows secured by the weft. Drawing, dyeing, weaving and finishing involve different skills learned through apprenticeship.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb98ef3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb98ef3\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"676\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Safavid-Sanguszko-Persian-Dynasty-Rug.jpg\" alt=\"Figured Sanguszko carpet from Kerman, 1550\u20131615\" class=\"wp-image-62177\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Safavid-Sanguszko-Persian-Dynasty-Rug.jpg 480w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Safavid-Sanguszko-Persian-Dynasty-Rug-334x470.jpg 334w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Safavid-Sanguszko-Persian-Dynasty-Rug-213x300.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figured \u201cSanguszko\u201d carpet, Kerman, 1550\u20131615. <a href=\"https:\/\/collections.louvre.fr\/en\/ark:\/53355\/cl010330920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs collection, AD 10615, on long-term loan to the Louvre<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The name <em>Sanguszko<\/em> comes from a former owner of one carpet in the group, as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miho.jp\/en\/collection\/s063\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miho Museum explains<\/a>. The Louvre catalogues the example pictured here as wool pile and weft on a cotton warp, with asymmetric knots. These details connect the carpet\u2019s figured decoration with the materials and construction of Safavid weaving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNESCO&#8217;s account of <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/traditional-skills-of-carpet-weaving-in-fars-00382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carpet weaving in Fars<\/a> describes another working tradition: weavers create designs without a drawn cartoon, using knowledge passed on orally and by demonstration. Its description includes horizontal looms, wool preparation and plant-derived dyes. Both the Fars and Kashan traditions entered UNESCO&#8217;s Representative List in 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These examples show why a rug&#8217;s place of production and method matter. When comparing pieces, look at the front and back, the pile and the edges, then ask the seller which fibres and dyes were used. A small irregularity does not prove age, quality or origin. A clear account of the maker and process tells you more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-persian-miniature\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-persian-miniature\"><\/span>2. Persian Miniature<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"1015\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002.jpg\" alt=\"Bahram Gur on horseback fighting the horned wolf\" class=\"wp-image-19610\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002.jpg 1386w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002-780x571.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002-768x562.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002-1024x750.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002-642x470.jpg 642w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002-450x330.jpg 450w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Demotte_Shahname_002-705x516.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bahram Gur fights the horned wolf, from the Great Mongol Shahnameh, c. 1330\u201340. Harvard Art Museums, 1960.190.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/miniature\/\">Persian miniature painting<\/a> is closely associated with illustrated manuscripts, but miniature painting also decorates other objects. UNESCO&#8217;s 2020 inscription, <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/art-of-miniature-01598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Art of miniature<\/a>, is shared by Azerbaijan, Iran, T\u00fcrkiye and Uzbekistan. It recognises a living practice transmitted through teaching and apprenticeship, rather than an art confined to old books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this folio, Bahram Gur rides over the horned wolf. The trees frame the encounter, and the horse and rider dominate the page. <a href=\"https:\/\/human.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Art\/Art_History_and_Theory\/SmartHistory_of_Art_2e\/03:_SmartHistory_of_Art_III-_The_Islamic_World\/03:_Medieval_period\/3.12:_Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Karg_(Horned_Wolf)_Ilkhanid_dynasty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smarthistory\u2019s reading of the scene<\/a> connects those details to the story of a king proving his courage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pottery\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-pottery\"><\/span>3. Pottery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1366\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2.jpg\" alt=\"Shaping clay on a pottery wheel\" class=\"wp-image-19611\" title=\"Persian Pottery Or Iranian Pottery\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Persian-Pottery-2-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shaping clay on a pottery wheel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pottery begins with preparing and shaping a ceramic body, followed by firing; glazing and painted decoration add further stages. Historic Iranian ceramics also include stonepaste, so \u201cmade from mud\u201d is an inadequate description of the whole field. The Metropolitan Museum&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/451397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ewer with moulded inscriptions, animals and dancers<\/a>, attributed to Iran and dated to the late 11th or 12th century, is a glazed stonepaste example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Islamic Culture and Relations Organization&#8217;s account of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.icro.ir\/Drawing-and-visualization\/Iranian-Pottery-and-Ceramics%3A-A-Cohesive-Union-of-Art-and-Craft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iranian pottery and ceramics<\/a> distinguishes contemporary production in Lalejin, Meybod and Shahreza. It describes coloured transparent glazes in Lalejin, bird and fish motifs in Meybod, and several painted or carved treatments in Shahreza. These are useful points of comparison when looking beyond an object&#8217;s colour to its body, glaze and decoration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-architecture\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-architecture\"><\/span>4. Architecture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af4bcdb995b6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af4bcdb995b6\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Dar-al-Hefaz-Mausoleum-of-the-Sheikh-Safi-Tomb.jpg\" alt=\"Sheikh Safi Khanegah and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil\" class=\"wp-image-75132\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Dar-al-Hefaz-Mausoleum-of-the-Sheikh-Safi-Tomb.jpg 770w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Dar-al-Hefaz-Mausoleum-of-the-Sheikh-Safi-Tomb-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dar al-Hefaz Mausoleum of the <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/sheikh-safi-shrine\/\" title=\"Sheikh Safi Khanegah and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4608\">Sheikh Safi<\/a> Tomb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buildings bring several crafts into the same setting. At the <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/sheikh-safi-shrine\/\">Sheikh Safi shrine ensemble in Ardabil<\/a>, architecture and ornament form part of a connected religious complex. UNESCO&#8217;s account describes spaces for worship, learning and communal services, with a carefully organised approach to the shrine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you visit, look at one surface at a time. Notice how an inscription is arranged, how geometry frames an opening, or how a decorated interior suits the function of the room. Small details like these show the craft decisions behind the whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-music\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-music\"><\/span>5. Music<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/A-mans-hand-strums-a-Tar-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A mans hand strums a Tar\" class=\"wp-image-79133\" title=\"Persian Tar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/A-mans-hand-strums-a-Tar-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/A-mans-hand-strums-a-Tar-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/A-mans-hand-strums-a-Tar-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/A-mans-hand-strums-a-Tar.jpg 1153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Playing a tar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Musical traditions offer another view of skilled making and teaching. UNESCO describes the <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/radif-of-iranian-music-00279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radif<\/a> as a repertoire learned from a master and used as a basis for performance and improvisation. It may be vocal or played on instruments including the tar, setar, santur, kamancheh and ney. The <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/iranian-musical-instruments\/\">instrument guide<\/a> helps distinguish these instruments; their construction is a separate craft from the music performed on them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-calligraphy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-calligraphy\"><\/span>6. Calligraphy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-19616 size-full\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calligraphy-1-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"Calligraphy\" class=\"wp-image-79134\" title=\"Calligraphy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calligraphy-1-1024x623.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calligraphy-1-780x475.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calligraphy-1-768x467.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calligraphy-1.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/persian-calligraphy\/\" title=\"Persian calligraphy\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"598\">Persian calligraphy<\/a> is the calligraphy of the Persian language. It is one of the most revered arts throughout history of Iran. Calligraphic panel &#8211; poetry in Persian. Calligraph &#8211; Mehmet Nazif Efendi. 1902<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calligraphy treats writing as a visual art. On a panel, examine the spacing, rhythm and relationship between the letters and the surrounding space, as well as the words. In 2021, UNESCO selected Iran&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/BSP\/national-programme-to-safeguard-the-traditional-art-of-calligraphy-in-iran-01716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national calligraphy safeguarding programme<\/a> for its Register of Good Safeguarding Practices. This recognition concerns a programme of transmission and preservation, rather than a claim that all calligraphy belongs to a single national tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-khatam-kari\"><\/span>7. Khatam-kari<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-19617 size-full\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Khatamkari.jpg\" alt=\"Khatamkari\" class=\"wp-image-19617\" title=\"Khatamkari\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Khatamkari.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Khatamkari-780x376.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Khatamkari-768x370.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Khatamkari-450x217.jpg 450w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Khatamkari-705x339.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kh\u0101tam is an ancient Persian technique of inlaying.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Khatam-kari<\/strong> creates geometric inlay from assembled materials. The Cultural Institute of Iran in Rome describes thin rods of wood, brass and bone arranged into bundles that form repeating patterns, often stars. Thin slices of the assembled pattern are applied to an object and finished with a protective coating. Boxes, frames and games boards can carry this decoration. Look closely at how the pattern continues across a surface and meets its edges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-minakari\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8-minakari\"><\/span>8. Minakari<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-18675 size-full\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"886\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1.jpg\" alt=\"Minakari\" class=\"wp-image-18675\" title=\"Minakari\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1.jpg 886w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Minakari-5-1-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minakari<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/iranian-minakari-art-heaven\/\">Minakari<\/a> is enamel decoration made by fusing coloured material onto metal through firing. The Cultural Institute of Iran in Rome describes work on copper, silver and gold, with floral designs in several colours, and identifies Isfahan and Fars as important centres. Unlike khatam, the pattern does not come from assembled rods. It is created on a metal surface. This difference in material and process helps you tell the two crafts apart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sources\"><\/span>Sources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNESCO. (2009\u20132021). Linked records for carpet weaving in Fars and Kashan, miniature painting, the radif and Iran&#8217;s calligraphy safeguarding programme. Encyclopaedia Iranica. <em>Carpets vi: Pre-Islamic carpets<\/em>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <em>Ewer with Molded Inscriptions, Animals, and Dancers<\/em> (57.51.16). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1345\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sheikh Safi al-din Kh\u0101neg\u0101h and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cultural Institute of Iran in Rome. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.irancultura.it\/khatam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khatam kari<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.irancultura.it\/mina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Minakari<\/a>. Islamic Culture and Relations Organization. <em>Iranian pottery and ceramics<\/em>. Sources consulted on 3 November 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Read More<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/iranian-carpet\/\">Iranian Carpet: Crafting Beauty in Every Knot<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/carpet-museum-of-iran\/\">Carpet Museum of Iran: Weaving History<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/qazvin-chehel-sotun-palace\/\">Qazvin Chehel Sotun Palace<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/kermanshah-travel-guide\/\">Kermanshah Travel Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/what-to-buy-in-iran\/\">Iranian Handicraft Souvenirs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A guide to Iranian carpets, miniature painting, pottery, calligraphy, khatam inlay and minakari, explaining the materials and skills behind the objects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":19619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[306,308,305,1,16712],"tags":[6286],"class_list":["post-19608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-destinations","category-how-to","category-tourism-iran","category-to-know","tag-persian-art"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-Short-Look-At-The-Long-Take-The-Art-And-Crafts-In-Iran.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19608\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}