{"id":43847,"date":"2020-10-07T11:46:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T11:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/?p=43847"},"modified":"2026-11-04T12:13:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T12:13:26","slug":"windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/","title":{"rendered":"Badgir Windcatcher: A Traditional Iranian Architecture Feature"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A badgir, literally \u201cwind catcher\u201d in Persian, is a roof tower that moves air through a building without a fan. In Yazd, brick windcatchers rise above houses and public water reservoirs. Their shape gives clues to which winds they were designed to catch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To read a windcatcher, look at the openings at the top, then trace where the shaft meets a room or courtyard. The route air can take through the building matters as much as the height of the tower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#why-iranian-builders-developed-the-windcatcher\" >Why Iranian builders developed the windcatcher<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#building-materials-suited-to-the-desert\" >Building materials suited to the desert<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#how-a-windcatcher-works\" >How a windcatcher works<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#windcatchers-and-water-cisterns\" >Windcatchers and water cisterns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#where-to-see-windcatchers-in-iran\" >Where to see windcatchers in Iran<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#why-windcatchers-still-matter\" >Why windcatchers still matter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/windcatcher-an-ancient-engineering-feat-that-harnessed-the-wind\/#plan-a-visit\" >Plan a visit<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-iranian-builders-developed-the-windcatcher\"><\/span>Why Iranian builders developed the windcatcher<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windcatchers take different forms across the Middle East. In Iran, builders adapted them to local winds, building layouts and the spaces they needed to ventilate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the dry towns of the Iranian plateau, builders used shade, thick earthen walls and moving air together. Along the Persian Gulf, some towers face the sea breeze instead of opening on several sides.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-image-43873\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1365\" height=\"987\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of a windcatcher showing two tower elevations and a section where cool air enters one shaft and warm air leaves through another\" class=\"wp-image-43873\" title=\"How a windcatcher works\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-780x564.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-1024x740.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-650x470.jpg 650w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-705x510.jpg 705w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/A-windcatchers-or-Badgir-450x325.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1365px) 100vw, 1365px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A windcatcher can admit air on the side facing the wind and exhaust it through a lower-pressure opening.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A badgir moves air, a <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/persian-qanat\/\">qanat<\/a> conveys groundwater by gravity, and an <em>ab-anbar<\/em> stores water. A building can have a windcatcher without a qanat or a pool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"building-materials-suited-to-the-desert\"><\/span>Building materials suited to the desert<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many desert towns, builders used locally available earth for mortar, plaster and sun-dried bricks. Windcatcher towers could also be built in brick and finished with decorative plaster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-image-fill has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f94931\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:2em;padding-right:2em;padding-bottom:2em;padding-left:2em\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:25px;line-height:1.2\"><strong>Best Hotels in Iran<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5369166d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size is-style-fill has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/orienttrips.com\/hotel?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=surfiraninbanner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Click and explore<\/mark><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-1024x576.jpg);background-position:52% 66%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orienttrips.com\/hotel?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=surfiraninbanner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Book A Hotel In Iran\" class=\"wp-image-62099 size-full\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-780x439.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-390x220.jpg 390w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/abbasi-hotel.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thick earthen walls slow the transfer of heat. Shaded courtyards and rooms below ground give the household cooler places to use when exposed rooms heat up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-a-windcatcher-works\"><\/span>How a windcatcher works<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A windcatcher has openings high above the roof and one or more vertical passages. Air moves when wind creates a pressure difference across its openings or when warmer air rises through a shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Catching the wind: air pressure rises at the opening facing the wind. Air can descend that shaft and leave through another opening, such as a sheltered shaft or an opening to a courtyard. The direction of the breeze can change which shafts supply or exhaust air.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acting as a chimney: in calm conditions, a warmer shaft can draw air up and out. Replacement air can enter from a shaded courtyard or a lower room if the building provides a connected path.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windcatchers can have openings on one side or several. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/15435075.2017.1315807\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measurements of a four-sided tower in Yazd<\/a> found that the shafts facing the prevailing winds performed better. A tower\u2019s height alone tells you little about how well it ventilates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Iran, Yazd The City Of Windcatchers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hyuCaujB9Bk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"windcatchers-and-water-cisterns\"><\/span>Windcatchers and water cisterns<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An ab-anbar often has towers around its dome. Air circulating above the water can remove heat through evaporation. Some houses also used pools or shaded basement rooms to cool incoming air. Evaporative cooling is a separate effect from ventilation and depends on the air and water conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"where-to-see-windcatchers-in-iran\"><\/span>Where to see windcatchers in Iran<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Architectural historian Susan Roaf describes regional forms in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/badgir-traditional-structure-for-passive-air-conditioning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Encyclopaedia Iranica<\/a>, from towers that face the sea in Bandar Abbas to towers with openings on several sides in Yazd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yazd, the city of windcatchers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/yazd-travel-guide\/\">Yazd\u2019s historic centre<\/a>, look for the different opening patterns above the lanes. The <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/yazd-water-museum\/\">Yazd Water Museum<\/a> provides a separate introduction to the qanats and reservoirs that supplied the city.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dowlat Abad Garden, Yazd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/dowlat-abad-garden\/\">Dowlat Abad Garden<\/a>, start outside the Hashti Pavilion to see the tower\u2019s height, about 33 metres according to the heritage documentation. Then look at how the pavilion places water basins below the ventilation route. The garden is one of nine components of <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1372\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Persian Garden<\/a> World Heritage property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kashan\u2019s historic houses<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-image-43874\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1365\" height=\"910\" src=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan.jpg\" alt=\"Two tall windcatchers flanking the domed roof of the Borujerdi House in Kashan, with mountains in the background\" class=\"wp-image-43874\" title=\"Windcatchers of the Borujerdi House, Kashan\" srcset=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Roof_of_the_Borujerdi_House_Kashan-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1365px) 100vw, 1365px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The two windcatchers of the <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/the-borujerdi-house\/\" title=\"The Borujerdi House: A Masterpiece of Iranian Architecture\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"11839\">Borujerdi House<\/a> in Kashan, a 19th-century merchant\u2019s home, rise on either side of its domed hall.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At <a href=\"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/the-borujerdi-house\/\">Borujerdi House<\/a>, look across the courtyard toward the domed reception hall. Its two windcatchers are easier to understand in relation to the hall and the lower rooms than from a distant skyline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-windcatchers-still-matter\"><\/span>Why windcatchers still matter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A windcatcher moves air without a powered fan. Whether that air feels cooler depends on outdoor temperature, humidity, wind direction and the rest of the building. That is why modern researchers measure performance in particular buildings and climates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"plan-a-visit\"><\/span>Plan a visit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Yazd, pair a walk through the old quarter with Dowlat Abad Garden to compare ordinary roof towers with a pavilion designed around wind and water. In Kashan, start with the courtyard at Borujerdi House and look back at the towers from the far side.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A badgir, or windcatcher, is a rooftop tower that cools and ventilates traditional Iranian buildings without power. Learn how it works and where to see the best examples in Yazd and Kashan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":43870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15780,1,15715],"tags":[15866,15865,754],"class_list":["post-43847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-attractions","category-tourism-iran","category-to-see","tag-architecture","tag-windcatcher","tag-yazd"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Badgir.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43847"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":203286,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43847\/revisions\/203286"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surfiran.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}