Discover Mighan Wetland: Iran’s Premier Birdwatching Destination
Mighan Wetland: A serene oasis where migratory birds find a seasonal haven.
The Mighan Desert Wetland (Miqan Wetland) is one of Iran’s ten most important wetlands, offering diverse wildlife and a unique desert landscape.
Due to its favorable climatic conditions, this wetland is considered one of the most significant seasonal habitats for migratory birds.
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Geographical Location
The scenic Mighan Wetland, formerly known as the Farahan Salt Marsh, is one of the notable attractions near Arak. It is situated 17 kilometers northeast of Arak, southwest of Davoudabad, within the Farahan Plain of Markazi Province.
The wetland’s area varies between 100 to 110 square kilometers, with an elevation of about 1,655 meters above sea level. The lake’s water is saline, and the wetland comprises three islands known as Crystalline One and Two in the middle, along with the desert and surrounding plains.
Climatic Conditions of the Wetland
The lake enjoys a moderate winter climate, making it a vital habitat for birds, particularly migratory birds, in the autumn and early winter from northern Iran and colder regions.
During years of adequate rainfall, the wetland holds a significant amount of water, whereas in drier years, it tends to dry up, becoming a desert and salt marsh.
The water sources for the wetland include atmospheric precipitation, three rivers (Qareh Kahriz, Farahan, and Shahreb), and treated wastewater from Arak.
Historical Significance of the Wetland
From a paleontological perspective, the Mighan Wetland dates back to the Paleocene Epoch and was formed due to the movement of surrounding tectonic plates.
Ecology of the Wetland
Mighan Wetland boasts unique ecological features, annually hosting numerous migratory birds, including some rare and protected species.
Due to the high population of cranes compared to other habitats in the country, this wetland has gained particular importance among environmental enthusiasts.
In the spring, Mighan Wetland becomes one of the primary habitats for migratory birds that, in the autumn, pass through the area as they journey from the cold regions of Siberia towards warmer southern regions and Africa, and now temporarily settle here on their return journey to their native land.
More than 60 percent of the province’s birds and 16 percent of the country’s birds live in this national wetland.
Some of the migratory and native bird species found in this region are rare and valuable, attracting birdwatching groups to this area during the migration season.
Flora and Fauna of the Wetland
The presence of wild animals such as wolves, foxes, snakes, and birds like eagles, along with some rare species amidst the green branches of Qara Dagh and Atriplex, adds a captivating aspect to the desert areas of this wetland.
Cranes, ducks, flamingos, lapwings, and other bird species make the untouched nature of Mighan Wetland fascinating to visitors. The wetland has been designated as a no-hunting area by the Department of Environment of Markazi Province.
In line with global wetland standards, any wetland that accommodates one percent of a bird species is placed within international coordinates.
From this perspective, the Mighan Wetland of Arak, alongside the Gavkhouni Wetland of Isfahan, is considered the only stopover for migratory birds in central Iran for wintering. Additionally, Mighan Wetland annually hosts more than 12,000 migratory birds from Siberia.
The wetland’s vegetation mainly consists of halophytes or salt-tolerant plants, making it one of the significant reservoirs of salt-loving plants in the country.
Besides birds, other species such as mammals, Artemia, and different types of saltwater algae inhabit the wetland and its surroundings.
Wetland Ecosystem
Due to the salinity of the water, salt domes and layers form in Mighan Wetland, covering the entire lake’s surface, appearing white and snowy from afar.
The wetland also holds the largest sodium sulfate reserve in the country, and Iranian Mineral Salts Company holds the right to extract from its mines. From a tourism perspective, the wetland is one of Iran’s key birdwatching and ecotourism destinations.
November 6th is designated as Crane Day due to the congregation of cranes at Mighan Wetland. The lake of Mighan Wetland, situated in the heart of the desert, has, in recent years, been transformed into a green recreational area due to the tireless efforts of the Natural Resources Organization.
Now, with the construction of a desert observation tower in the middle of the wetland, suitable conditions have been established for visiting the region.
Access Route to Mighan Wetland
The Mighan Wetland is one of the attractions of Markazi Province, located near the city of Arak. To reach the wetland, take the Khomain Road towards the northern beltway.
After that, continue to Tarahbar Square, then follow the route straight for about one to two kilometers after the square until reaching a side road on the right.
At the beginning of the road, there is a large red sign, and after entering this side road and crossing the overpass, you will reach the Sodium Sulfate Production Factory, visible on the right side of the road.
By continuing along this route for about three to four kilometers, you will reach the edge of Mighan Wetland.
Best Time to Visit Mighan Wetland
The best time for birdwatching programs at this wetland is during spring and autumn. Of these, autumn is the main time for these birds to live under the skies away from the cold of Siberia, and the birds tend to stay longer in the wetland.
Photos: Irna
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